See Durruti Column for the anarchist column during the Spanish Civil War.

The Durutti Column is an English post-punk band formed in 1978. The band is an ongoing project of guitarist (and occasional pianist) Vini Reilly who is often accompanied by drummer Bruce Mitchell.

Contents 1 Early history 2 1979-1990: Factory Records 3 1990 onwards: after Factory 4 Discography 5 References 6 External links

Early history

In 1978 Tony Wilson and Alan Erasmus, later to become partners in Factory Records, built a band around the remnants of Fast Breeder: drummer Chris Joyce and guitarist Dave Rowbotham. Within days they added Reilly, guitarist for Manchester punk rock band Ed Banger and The Nosebleeds, as well as vocalist Phil Rainford, keyboardist Stephen Hopkins and bassist Tony Bowers.[1]

The band played at the Factory club (organised by their managers), and recorded two pieces for the first Factory Records release, the compilation A Factory Sample (a double 7" also featuring Joy Division, John Dowie and Cabaret Voltaire). Just prior to recording a debut album, the group broke up after a dispute about Wilson and Erasmus's choice of producer, Martin Hannett. Most of the other members apart from Reilly went on to form The Mothmen, and Joyce and Bowers later became members of Simply Red.

The Durutti Column effectively became Reilly's solo project from then on - drummer Bruce Mitchell and other musicians have occasionally contributed to recordings and live performances, and Mitchell and Wilson managed the group throughout their career on Factory and for many years afterwards.

The band's name is derived from a misspelling of the name Buenaventura Durruti, who led a column of anarchists during the Spanish Civil War (The Durruti Column). A 1967 Situationist International poster included the phrase "The Return of the Durutti Column", which eventually became the title of the group's first album.

1979-1990: Factory Records

The first album The Return of the Durutti Column (1980) was a collaboration between Reilly and producer Martin Hannett. Initial copies featured a sleeve made of sandpaper (assembled by various Factory associates, including Joy Division [2]). This, like the name of the record, was inspired by a situationist joke, a book - Guy Debord's The Society of the Spectacle - with a sandpaper cover to destroy other books on the shelf. The music was unlike anything else being recorded by post-punk acts at the time - although Reilly identified himself as a "new wave" artist [3], the record contained nine gentle guitar instrumentals (later releases would occasionally feature Reilly's soft and hesitant vocals). The music included elements from jazz, folk, classical music and rock. Hannett's production included the addition of electronic rhythm and other effects, including birdsong sounds on "Sketch for Summer". The album was accompanied by a flexidisc with two tracks by Hannett alone.

1981's LC ("Lotta Continua", Italian for "continuous struggle") was recorded without Hannett, but introduced percussionist Bruce Mitchell, Reilly's most frequent musical partner and occasional manager. Another Setting (1983) was also just Reilly and Mitchell, but in 1984 the band was expanded with the addition of Richard Henry on trombone, Maunagh Fleming on cor anglais and oboe, Blaine Reininger (of Tuxedomoon) on violin and viola, Mervyn Fletcher on saxophone, Caroline Lavelle on cello and Tim Kellett on trumpet. The album Without Mercy was arranged by John Metcalfe, and was an instrumental evocation of the poem La Belle Dame sans Merci by John Keats.

Kellett and Metcalfe remained as members of the band (Metcalfe playing viola), and appear alongside Reilly and Mitchell on 1985's Circuses and Bread (released on Factory Benelux), and Domo Arigato, a live album recorded in Tokyo. This was the first pop album to be released in the UK solely on the relatively new compact disc format.

Kellett left to join Simply Red, but has a guest appearance on The Guitar and Other Machines (1987), the first UK album to be released on the unsuccessful Digital Audio Tape format (as well as the more usual LP, audio cassette and CD). The Guitar and Other Machines has a far more direct sound than earlier records, with guest vocals from Stanton Miranda and Reilly's then partner Pol, and the use of a sequencer and drum machine in addition to Mitchell's drumming. The album was produced by Stephen Street, who also produced Morrissey's 1988 solo album, Viva Hate, which Reilly played guitar on.

Vini Reilly (1989), also produced by Reilly and Street, features extensive use of sampling, with looped samples of vocalists (including Otis Redding, Tracy Chapman, Annie Lennox and Joan Sutherland) used as the basis for several tracks. Initial copies came with a 7" or CD single "I Know Very Well How I Got My Note Wrong", credited to "Vincent Gerard and Steven Patrick", in which a take of a Morrissey B-side dissolves into laughter after Reilly hits a wrong note.

1990's Obey the Time was a shock to many fans. Mitchell played on only one track, the album being otherwise a solo recording by Reilly, and heavily influenced by contemporary dance music. An accompanying single, "The Together Mix", featured two reworkings of album tracks by Jonathon Donaghy and Suddi Raval - Donaghy was killed in a car crash in Ibiza prior to the single's release. It was to be the last Durutti Column record released by Factory, in early 1991.

1990 onwards: after Factory

For the first few years after the demise of Factory, the only Durutti Column album releases were Lips That Would Kiss (a 1991 collection of early singles, on the separate label Factory Benelux), and Dry (1991) and Red Shoes (1992), Italian collections of alternate versions and unreleased outtakes.

Tragically, former member Dave Rowbotham was killed by an axe murderer in 1991. He was later memorialized by the Happy Mondays in the song "Cowboy Dave."

In 1993, Wilson attempted to revive Factory Records, and Sex and Death was the first release on Factory Too (a subdivision of London Records). The album was once again produced by Stephen Street, with Mitchell and Metcalfe and on one track Peter Hook of New Order. Time Was Gigantic... When We Were Kids followed in 1998 and was produced by Keir Stewart, who also played on the album and has frequently worked with Reilly since. Fidelity was released between these albums in 1996 by Les Disques du Crepuscule and was produced by Laurie Laptop. The eight albums recorded for Factory (The Return of the Durutti Column, LC, Another Setting, Without Mercy, Domo Arigato, The Guitar and Other Machines, Vini Reilly and Obey the Time) were rereleased with additional material by Factory Too/London under the banner Factory Once, between 1996 and 1998.

Factory Too effectively ended in 1998, and subsequent Durutti Column albums have been on independent labels Artful Records (Rebellion - 2001, Someone Else's Party - 2003, Keep Breathing - 2006) or Kookydisc (Tempus Fugit - 2004). Kookydisc has also released two further volumes of The Sporadic Recordings (along with a slightly edited re-re-release of the first volume from 1989), remastered versions of two very scarce early 80's LPs (Live At The Venue - 2004, and Amigos Em Portugal - 2005), and two subscription-club discs of rare and unreleased material. A download-only release Heaven Sent (It Was Called Digital, It Was Heaven Sent) first appeared via Wilson's new project F4 in 2005, which is marketed as the fourth version of Factory Records.

Discography

Primary Recordings

• The Return of the Durutti Column (Factory FACT 14, 1980 - original LP sleeve made of sandpaper - 1996 CD issue has incorrect tracklisting and is missing one track from the original LP release)
• LC (Factory FACT 44, 1981)
• Deux Triangles EP (Factory Benelux FBN10, 1981)
• Another Setting (Factory FACT 74, 1983 - all CD issues have incorrect track listings)
• Amigos Em Portugal (Fundação Atlântica, 1983 - reissued on CD by Kooky in 2005)
• Without Mercy (Factory FACT 84, 1984)
• Say What You Mean, Mean What You Say EP (Factory FAC 114, 1985 - added to CD issues of Without Mercy)
• The City of Our Lady (Factory Fac 184/A, 1986) with Debi Diamond
• Circuses and Bread (Factory Benelux FACD 154, 1986 - reissued in 1993 with new artwork on Les Disques Du Crepuscule, titled "Bread and Circuses")
• The Guitar and Other Machines (Factory FACT 204, 1987 - also available as the first commercially released pre-recorded DAT)
• Vini Reilly (Factory FACT 244, 1989)
• Obey the Time (Factory FACT 274, 1990)
• Sex and Death (Factory Too/London, 1994)
• Fidelity (Les Disques Du Crepuscule, 1996)
• Time was Gigantic ... When we Were Kids (Factory Too/London, 1998)
• Rebellion (Artful, 2001)
• Someone Else's Party (Artful, 2003)
• Tempus Fugit (Kooky, 2004)
• Keep Breathing (Artful, 2006)
• Idiot Savants (Artful, 2007)

Secondary Recordings

• The Sporadic Recordings (TTTTTTTTT CD, 1989 - demos and unreleased material - credited to Vini Reilly, not DC)
• Dry (Materiali Sonori, 1991 - collection of previously unreleased mid and late 80's material)
• Red Shoes (Materiali Sonori, 1992 - collection of previously unreleased mid 80's material)
• Return of the Sporadic Recordings (Kooky, 2002 - double CD - reissue of above 1989 Sporadic title with new disc of previously unreleased material)
• Heaven Sent (It was called digital. It was Heaven sent) (F4, 2005 - six tracks, download only)
• Sporadic Three (Kooky, 2007 - another CD release of rare and previously unreleased material)

Live Recordings

• Live At The Venue (VU, 1983 - recorded in the UK, 1983 - original vinyl ltd. to 4000 copies - reissued on CD in 2004)
• Domo Arigato (live) (Factory FACT 144, 1985 - recorded in Japan 4/85 - the first pop compact-disc only release)
• One Night In New York (US ROIR - cassette only release in 1987, CD issued in 1993 - CD reissue in 1999 re-titled "A Night In New York" with bonus track)

Compilations

• Valuable Passages (Factory FACT 164 UK/Relativity US, 1986 - double LP, single CD)
• The First Four Albums (Factory, 1988 - 4 CD set of Return Of, LC, Another Setting and Without Mercy/Say What You Mean... - Return Of disc has original LP tracks, in correct order)
• Lips That Would Kiss (Factory Benelux CD, 1991 - early 80's single and compilation tracks with previously unreleased material)
• The Best Of The Durutti Column (WEA UK, 2004 - double CD)

References

Vinylnet Record Label Discographies. link. - Factory Catalogue Numbers.

External links

• Official Site
• Official MySpace page
• Unofficial Site
• The Durutti Column @ Cerysmatic Factory
• The Durutti Column @ F4
• Discography
• Gigography
• Discussion Group at Yahoo!
• The Official CP Lee Website, including 1968 Greasy Bear photo of Bruce Mitchell with CP Lee and Ian Wilson
• Allmusic.com article on The Durutti Column