The Kinks
Background information
Origin	London, England
Genre(s)	Rock, Pop
Years active	1963–1996
Label(s)	Pye, Reprise, RCA, Arista, London, MCA, Sony, Konk/Guardian
Members
Dave Davies Ray Davies Pete Quaife Mick Avory John Dalton John Gosling Andy Pyle Gordon Edwards Mark Haley Jim Rodford Ian Gibbons Bob Henrit

The Kinks were an English rock group formed in 1963 by lead singer-songwriter Ray Davies, his brother, lead guitarist and vocalist Dave Davies, and bassist Pete Quaife. The band's early hard-driving singles set a standard in the mid-1960s for rock & roll, while albums such as Face to Face, Something Else, Village Green, Arthur and Muswell Hillbillies are highly regarded by fans, critics, and peers alike, and are considered amongst the most influential recordings of the era. In the United States, The Kinks are categorised as a British Invasion band, along with the other members of the so-called Big Four (including The Beatles, The Rolling Stones and The Who). Despite being less commercially successful than these three contemporaries, the band is cited among them as one of the most important and influential rock bands of all time.

The Kinks first gained prominence in 1964 with the hit single "You Really Got Me", written by Ray Davies (it was their 3rd single). The band's name came from their "kinky" dress sense of leather capes and boots worn on stage. The group's original line-up consisted of Ray Davies on lead vocals/rhythm guitar/keyboards, Dave Davies on lead guitar/vocals, Pete Quaife on backing vocals/bass guitar, and Mick Avory on drums and percussion. Following Quaife's departure in 1969, the band centered around the three remaining original members and frequently changed bassists and keyboardists, until 1984, when friction between Dave Davies and Mick Avory resulted into the latter's departure, leaving only the Davies brothers from the original line-up. The band soldiered on for another decade but after a couple unsuccesful records they called it quits in the mid-90s. The relationship between the Davies brothers seem to have completely deteriorated around this time, and both have since embarked on successful solo careers. Rumours of a Kinks reunion are persistent but still vague.

Whatever the band's fortunes, however, their influence on emerging artists has been a constant. During the New Wave era, groups such as The Jam, The Knack, and The Pretenders covered Kinks songs and Britpop acts such as Blur, Oasis, XTC and Supergrass have cited them as a major influence. Many modern bands such as The Killers, The Fratellis and Franz Ferdinand also acknowledge The Kinks and Ray Davies' expert songwriting skills. As self-professed Kinks fan Pete Townshend said for The History of Rock 'n' Roll: "The Kinks were much more quintessentially English. I always think that Ray Davies should one day be Poet Laureate. He invented a new kind of poetry and a new kind of language for Pop writing that influenced me from the very, very, very beginning."

Contents 1 History 1.1 (1963-1966) Formation and first years 1.2 (1967-1972) 'Golden age' 1.3 (1973-1976) Theatrical incarnation 1.4 (1977-1984) Return to commercial success 1.5 (1985-1996) Fall in popularity 1.6 (1997-present) Disintegration and solo work 1.6.1 Reunion 2 Solo work 3 Personnel 4 Studio discography 5 Cultural references 6 References and notes 7 External links

History

(1963-1966) Formation and first years

The Davies brothers were born in Muswell Hill, north London. Ray Davies (b. Raymond Douglas Davies, 21 June 1944; vocals/guitar/piano) studied to be a theatre director at Hornsey College of Art and gained experience in music as a guitarist with the Soho-based Dave Hunt Band in 1963. Ray and his brother Dave (b. 3 February 1947; guitar/vocals) had been playing skiffle and Rock & Roll together. Ray's Schoolmate Pete Quaife (b. 31 December 1943, Tavistock, Devon, England; bass/vocals) joined them and they formed a band (with Quaife's friend John Start on drums). Rod Stewart grew up in Muswell Hill and went to school with Ray Davies and Pete Quaife. Stewart briefly joined an early version of The Kinks, "The Ray Davies Quartet", as lead singer in spring of 1962. He performed with the group on at least one occasion, but was soon dropped due to complaints about his voice from then-drummer John Start's mother as well as musical and personality differences with the rest of the band.

The band went under many names between 1962 and 1963 including "The Ray Davies Quartet", "The Pete Quaife Band", "The Bo-Weevils", and "The Ramrods", before the band settled on "The Ravens" in the summer of 1963 and recruited drummer Mickey Willet. A December 1963 audition with Philips Records ended in rejection, but eventually a demo tape landed in the hands of American record producer Shel Talmy, who helped them land a contract with Pye Records in early 1964. It was during this time that The Ravens changed their name to The Kinks. Before signing to the label, drummer Willet left the band. The Kinks invited drummer Mick Avory (b. Michael Charles Avory, February 15, 1944) to join the band after seeing his advertisement in the magazine Melody Maker. Avory's previous experience included one gig with the Rolling Stones, but his background was in jazz drumming.

The first single from The Kinks, "Long Tall Sally", was a cover of a Little Richard song, but because The Beatles had also covered it with enormous success, The Kinks' version was overlooked and failed to chart. The Kinks' version, though not without charm, suffered from an obvious splicing of different takes. Nevertheless, the band received a lot of publicity through the efforts of their managers Robert Wace, Grenville Collins, and ex-1950s showbiz star Larry Page. Their second single, "You Still Want Me", also failed, while ignominiously shifting a minuscule number of units.

The third single "You Really Got Me" entered the charts at No.1 in the UK and made the top 10 in the US, boosted by a performance on the UK television show Ready Steady Go!. With a loud, distorted guitar riff, achieved by Dave's slicing of the speaker cones in his Elpico amplifier (referred to by the band as the "little green amp"), which gave the song its signature, grittier guitar sound. "You Really Got Me" provided a blueprint for hard rock, and served as template for heavy metal. The group's fourth single, "All Day and All of the Night", another hard rock tune, was released late in 1964. It rose to No. 2 in the UK, and hit No. 7 in the US. In 1965, The Kinks recorded "Set Me Free", and "Tired of Waiting for you", featuring a repeated bass guitar riff on both songs.

The group released three albums and several EPs in the next 2 years. They also performed and toured relentlessly, which caused tension within the band. Some legendary on-stage fights erupted during this time as well. In the most notorious incident, at The Capitol Theatre, Cardiff, Wales in 1965, the normally placid drummer Avory hit Dave Davies with his hi-hat pedal and assaulted him on stage.Avory later claimed that it was part of a new act in which the band members would hurl their instruments at each other. At the conclusion of their summer 1965 American tour the American Federation of Musicians union had The Kinks banned from re-entering the United States by United States government for unspecified reasons. It has been suggested the AFM feared that British bands were gaining too much share of the music market and arbitrarily targeted The Kinks, or that a fight with a union member while recording Dick Clark's television show may have been the cause. Whatever the reason the band were prohibited from returning to the US for four years.

The group made its first tour to Australia and New Zealand in January 1965 as part of a "package" bill that included Manfred Mann and The Honeycombs. A stopover in Mumbai, India on the way to Australia led Davies to write the song "See My Friends" (released as a single in July 1965). This was a prominent early example of crossover music and (along with The Beatles' "Norwegian Wood") was one of the first pop songs of this period to display a direct influence from the traditional music of the Indian subcontinent. According to Ray Davies' book X-Ray he was inspired to write "See My Friends" after hearing the songs of local fishermen during an early morning walk.

The band's stylistic changes were first evident in late 1965, with the appearance of singles like "A Well Respected Man", "Dedicated Follower of Fashion", and their third album The Kink Kontroversy. These demonstrated the progression in Davies's songwriting, from hard driving rock numbers towards social commentary, observation, and idiosyncratic character study, all with an increasingly English flavour. The satiric single, "Sunny Afternoon", was the biggest hit of the summer of 1966 in the UK, topping the charts.

Prior to its release, Ray Davies suffered both a nervous and physical breakdown from the pressures of touring, writing, and ongoing legal squabbles. He spent several months recuperating, during which he wrote several new songs and pondered about the band's direction. Quaife also left the band for much of 1966 after an automobile accident. After he recovered, he decided to step back from the band. Mick Avory's friend John Dalton replaced Quaife, but Quaife decided to return at the end of the year. This caused a little tension as Avory was more used to Dalton's style of playing.

"Sunny Afternoon" was a dry run for the band's Face to Face. One of the earliest concept albums, Face to Face displayed Davies' growing skill at crafting gentle yet cutting narrative songs about everyday life and people. One of the songs from the album, "Session Man", was written about notable session musician Nicky Hopkins, who often joined the band in the studio playing keyboards, mellotron, and harpsichord. Hopkins had first played with the band during The Kinks Kontroversy sessions the year before. He would play on the band's next two studio albums (and would also be featured on numerous live BBC recordings with the band) before joining The Jeff Beck Group in 1968.

The great social commentary single, "Dead End Street", was released at the time of Face to Face, and became another big UK hit. It failed in the US only reaching #73 in the Billboard charts.

(1967-1972) 'Golden age'

In May 1967, The Kinks returned with "Waterloo Sunset" (which reached No. 2 on the UK charts), an emotional single with the melancholic observer spying two lovers meeting and crossing over Waterloo Bridge in London. The song was rumored to have been inspired by the romance between two British celebrities of the time- actors Terence Stamp and Julie Christie - though Ray Davies denied this in his autobiography. The songs on their enduring 1967 album Something Else By The Kinks expanded the musical progressions of Face to Face, adding English music hall influences to their sound. Dave Davies scored a major chart success with "Death of a Clown," co-written with Ray and recorded by The Kinks, but released as a Davies solo single (although confusingly also released on the Something Else LP). Later, the Rolling Stones would remark that Face to Face and Something Else were both serious influences on their own albums of the late 1960s.

After a disappointing commercial reception for Something Else, The Kinks rushed out a new single, "Autumn Almanac," which became another hit in the UK. But their next single, "Wonderboy", released in the spring of 1968, stalled at No. 36 and would be the band's first single not to make the Top Ten since their early covers.

Throughout 1968, Davies continued to pursue his deeply personal songwriting style, while at the same time rebelling against the heavy demands placed on him to keep producing commercial hits. At the end of June The Kinks released the single "Days," which made #12 in the UK. It was a Top 20 hit in several other countries in the summer of 1968 -- although it did not chart in the USA -- and it is also notable as the last recording made by the original lineup of the group.

Their next album, released in the autumn of 1968, is now widely regarded as a masterpiece, but at the time The Kinks Are the Village Green Preservation Society failed to sell strongly. A collection of thematic vignettes of town life, it was assembled from songs written and recorded over the previous two years, but the album's deliberately understated production contrasted with the extravagant style then in vogue, and it did not have a popular single ("Starstruck" was released as a single in North America and continental Europe but failed to chart anywhere but Holland). Although it was commercially unsuccessful, Village Green was embraced by the new underground rock press, particularly in the US, where The Kinks' status as a cult band began to grow. Village Green is now widely considered one of the best rock records of the era. An album track, "Picture Book", was featured in a popular Hewlett-Packard television commercial in 2004.

Original bassist Peter Quaife resigned in March 1969 to form his own band Mapleoak, and was swiftly replaced by John Dalton. The American ban upon the band was finally removed that same year. Yet the band had to now adapt to an American concert scene that had changed radically in their absence — when The Kinks returned to the US their shows were at first held in smallish venues such as the Fillmore East. It would take several years of extensive touring in the US between 1969 and 1972 before the band developed a disciplined stage act that would generate positive reviews and draw crowds to larger concert venues.

Before their return to the US, The Kinks recorded another album, Arthur (Or the Decline and Fall of the British Empire). As with the previous two albums, Arthur was soaked with British lyrical and musical hooks, having been conceived as the score for a proposed but never realised television drama. It was a modest commercial success and was particularly well received by music critics in America, where it was favorably compared to the rock opera Tommy by The Who. Much of the album was inspired by Ray and Dave's beloved sister Rosie, who had migrated to Australia in the early 1960s with her husband. Rosie was a significant musical influence on the brothers in their youth, and she inspired numerous Kinks songs, including "Australia", "Rosie Won't You Please Come Home" and "Come Dancing".

The band added keyboardist John Gosling to their permanent line-up while recording the follow-up to Arthur. Before that, veteran keyboardist Nicky Hopkins, along with Ray, had done most of the session work. Gosling debuted with The Kinks on "Lola" (1970), a clever account of a confused romantic encounter with a transvestite that became a hit in both the UK and the US. The song originally contained a reference to "Coca Cola", but the BBC refused to play it as this was considered a violation of their advertising policy. The single then had to be hastily re-recorded with the offending line changed to "cherry cola". The album Lola versus Powerman and the Moneygoround, Part One was their most successful since the mid-1960s. The album also featured the group's final UK Top 10 hit, "Apeman."

In 1971, the band released Percy, a soundtrack album to a film of the same name about a penis transplant. It is generally regarded as a lesser effort. The band's US label, Reprise, declined to release it in America, precipitating a major dispute that contributed to the band's departure from that label.

In 1971, the band's contracts with Pye and Reprise expired. Before the end of the year The Kinks signed a five-album deal with RCA Records and received a million dollar advance. This helped fund the construction of their own recording studio, Konk. Their debut for RCA, Muswell Hillbillies, was soaked with country influence and is often hailed as their last great record, though it failed commercially. A few months after the release of Muswell Hillbillies, Reprise released the double-album compilation The Kink Kronikles, which actually outsold Muswell Hillbillies.

1972's double album Everybody's in Show-Biz consisted of half studio tracks and half live tracks recorded during a a two-night stand in New York's Carnegie Hall stand. The record featured the ballad "Celluloid Heroes" and the catchy "Supersonic Rocket Ship", their last UK Top 20 hit for over a decade. "Celluloid Heroes" was a bittersweet rumination on dead Hollywood stars in which Ray Davies admits that he wishes his life were like a movie, "because celluloid heroes never feel any pain/And celluloid heroes never really die." The album was a commercial failure in the UK, but more successful in the US. The record was a transitional piece between the band's early 1970s rock material and the theatrical incarnation in which they would immerse themselves over the next four years.

(1973-1976) Theatrical incarnation

In 1973, Ray Davies dived headlong into the theatrical style, beginning with the rock opera Preservation, a sprawling chronicle of social revolution, and a more ambitious — if less successful — outgrowth of the earlier Village Green Preservation Society ethos. In conjunction with the Preservation project, Davies expanded The Kinks' lineup to include a horn section and female backup singers, essentially reforming the group as a theatrical troupe. Preservation: Act 2 was the first project recorded at Konk Studio. From this point forward, virtually every Kinks studio recording would be produced by Ray Davies at Konk.

Ray's marital problems during this period would prove to adversely affect the band. Coupled with the band's abuse of drugs and alcohol and some members' antipathy for their new theatrical incarnation, the band's output remained uneven and their already wobbling popularity eroded further. Notable songs from this period include "Daylight", "Where Are They Now?", and "Sweet Lady Genevieve", as well as the more rock-oriented "Money Talks".

Preservation: Act 1, closer in spirit to vaudeville than to rock opera, was released in late 1973 amid generally poor reviews, although its live performances fared better with the critics. Preservation: Act 2 appeared in the summer of 1974 to a similar reception. Davies soon began another musical, Starmaker, this time for the Britain's Granada Television. After a broadcast with Ray Davies in the starring role and The Kinks as both back-up band and ancillary characters, the project eventually morphed into the thematically complex if uneven concept album The Kinks present A Soap Opera, released in the spring of 1975, in which Ray Davies fantasised about what would happen if a rock star traded places with a "normal Norman" and took a 9-5 job.

In 1976, The Kinks recorded their final theatrical work, Schoolboys in Disgrace, a backstory biography of Preservation's capitalist overlord Mr. Flash. Compared with the previous three albums, the songs on Schoolboys were more independent from the album's concept and featured a harder rock sound. With its funky beginning and emotive lyrics, "No More Looking Back" was considered a stand-out track by fans, and the straight ahead rocker "The Hard Way" became a Kinks concert fixture for the following decade. Some of the songs were performed at the Dutch Pinkpop festival, where a blind-drunk Ray Davies raced through an embarrassing golden oldies set, to the amusement of the equally inebriated crowd.

The Kinks signed with Arista Records in 1976, reborn with the encouragement of Arista's management as an arena rock band, stripped back down to a five-man core group.

Rock was also in a back-to-basics trend at this time, spearheaded by the Punk movement and the emergence of late 1970s "supergroups". One of the biggest bands of the time, Van Halen, achieved their breakthrough hit with an arena rock remake of "You Really Got Me", which in turn greatly boosted The Kinks' commercial resurgence. The band soon reappeared on the record charts in what would prove to be their most successful commercial period.

(1977-1984) Return to commercial success

John Dalton left the band before finishing "Mr. Big Man" for their debut Arista album. Andy Pyle was brought in to complete the track and to play on the following tour. Sleepwalker featured the touching ballad "Brother" and the reflective rocker "Juke Box Music". The single "Father Christmas" followed in late 1977 and became a seasonal fixture on US rock radio. The b-side "Prince of the Punks" was Ray Davies' satirical comment on his former protégé Tom Robinson of "2-4-6-8 Motorway" fame.

Andy Pyle and keyboardist John Gosling soon left the group to work together on a separate project. Dalton returned to complete the tour, and ex-The Pretty Things keyboardist Gordon Edwards joined the band. The Kinks' second Arista album Misfits, and their only album with Andy Pyle, was released in 1978 and included the minor hit "A Rock 'n' Roll Fantasy," mid-life crisis tribute to The Kinks' dedicated fanbase. The album's title track was a commentary on the band's lack of commercial success. Misfits is often cited as one of the band's better later albums.

There were soon to be further line-up changes before The Kinks coalesced around a more stable line-up. Dalton left the band permanently after the end of their UK tour, with Edwards soon to follow. Ex-Argent bassist Jim Rodford joined the band, which recorded Low Budget with Ray Davies handling keyboard duties. Former Life keyboardist Ian Gibbons was drafted for the following tour and soon become a permanent member. Despite the personnel changes, the group's recording and concert success continued to grow.

During this time in the late 1970s, new wave bands like The Jam ("David Watts") and The Pretenders ("Stop Your Sobbing") and hard rock acts like Van Halen ("You Really Got Me") recorded successful covers of Kinks songs, boosting each band's fame. At the same time, these cover versions helped fuel the commercial success of each new Kinks release. The hard and punk rock sounds of Low Budget (1979) helped make it the group's most successful album in America, peaking at No. 11. Davies' crafted intelligent, polished, and commercially appealing songs like "Pressure", "A Little Bit of Abuse", "Catch Me Now I'm Falling", and the minor, disco-flavoured hit "(Wish I Could Fly Like) Superman". 1979 also saw The Kinks headline at Madison Square Garden for the first time.

A live album (their third) and video, both called "One for the Road", followed in 1980, bringing the group's concert drawing power to a peak between 1980 and 1983. Dave Davies also took advantage of the group's improved commercial standing to fulfill his decade-long solo ambitions and released albums on his own, including the eponymous "Dave Davies" in 1980 (also known by its catalogue number "PL13603" owing to its striking cover art, which depicted Dave Davies as a leather-jacketed piece of price scanning barcode) and 1981's less successful "Glamour".

The next Kinks album, Give the People What They Want, was released in late 1981 and reached number 15 in the US. The record attained gold status, and featured the optimistic pub-rocker "Better Things" (a rare UK hit single), as well as "Destroyer", tracks reminiscent in sound to the band's 1960s heyday. The Kinks spent the better part of 1982 touring. In spring 1983, the nostalgic "Come Dancing" became their biggest American hit (at number 6) since "Tired of Waiting for You". It also became the group's first top 20 hit in the UK since 1972, peaking at number 12 in the charts. The anthemic album State of Confusion followed and was another commercial success, going to number 12 in the US, but once again failing to chart in the UK, as had all previous albums since 1967. Prominent tracks were the ballads "Don't Forget to Dance (a US top 30 hit, and minor UK chart entry)," "Long Distance", the title track and the gentle sing-along "Heart of Gold". The song "Young Conservatives" in turn commented on the aspirations of the younger generation in the 1980s. During this time, Ray Davies became romantically involved with Pretenders leader Chrissie Hynde, resulting in the birth of a daughter, Natalie Ray, in 1983.

The Kinks performed Saturday Night Live three times during this period, further adding to their resurgent popularity. They first performed for SNL in 1977 during the "Mardi Gras" episode, then again in 1981, and one final time in 1984.

The Kinks' second wave of popularity effectively peaked with State of Confusion in 1983, but both internal and external factors would soon begin to undermine them. A music video-fueled influx of new, fresh talent and styles into popular music at this time effectively muted the early 80s resurgence of many of the classic acts (including fellow UK bands such as David Bowie, The Who, and The Rolling Stones). Bands influenced by The Kinks, such as U2, The Smiths, The Jam and Duran Duran were topping charts. The concert market for Kinks shows in the US had largely been played out by a decade of almost non-stop touring. As these outside pressures mounted, the internal strife in the group reached a critical point.

During the second half of 1983, Ray Davies started working on an ambitious solo film project, Return to Waterloo, about a London commuter who daydreams he's a serial murderer. (The film gave actor Tim Roth a significant early role.) Davies' commitment to writing, directing and scoring the new work caused tension in his relationship with his brother. Another problem was the stormy end of the volatile romance between Ray Davies and Chrissie Hynde. The old feud between Dave Davies and drummer Mick Avory also re-ignited. Soon Dave Davies wanted Avory replaced by the former drummer from Argent (a band in which Jim Rodford had also been a member), Robert Henrit, who had played drums on Dave's solo albums. It is also believed that Rodford also was instrumental in bringing his former bandmate in the fold.

These conflicts took a heavy toll on the band. Avory's relationship with Dave Davies had reached a breaking point. Dave Davies refused to work with Avory. Ray Davies said that Avory was his best friend in the band and he unwillingly had to choose sides, as said later in a 1989 interview: "The saddest day for me was when Mick left.... Mick had an important sound. Mick wasn't a great drummer, but he was a jazz drummer - same school, same era as Charlie Watts." Bob Henrit was brought in to take Avory's place. At Ray Davies' invitation Avory agreed to manage Konk Studios, where he also served as a producer and occasional contributor on later Kinks albums.

Between the completion of Return to Waterloo and Avory's departure, the band had already begun work on Word of Mouth, released in late 1984 with Avory still part of the line-up on three tracks. The album was similar to the last few Kinks records, but many of the songs had already been featured in solo versions on Ray Davies' companion album for Return to Waterloo, and others lacked the heart, cleverness, and quality of the previous albums. The Kinks' rhythm section, no longer supported by Avory, was especially troubled, with a third of the tracks featuring Avory, others with Henrit, and still others supported by a drum machine which the band employed before the arrival of Henrit. Meanwhile, reports circulated that the Davies brothers were performing their album parts separately, unable to face each other in the studio. Despite everything, some standout material made the cut on Word of Mouth, including Ray's ballad "Missing Persons", Dave's death-of-empire themed "Living on a Thin Line", and The Kinks' last Billboard Hot 100 entry, "Do it Again" (No. 41). Intense squabbles over song selections and singles released further strained the Davies brothers' working relationship. They have not made the Top 40 since.

(1985-1996) Fall in popularity

Word of Mouth was the last Kinks album for Arista Records. In early 1986, the group signed with MCA Records in the United States and London Records in the UK. Their first album for the new label, Think Visual, (1986) was a moderate success, and holds interest as a result of songs like the ballad "Lost and Found", "Working at the Factory," which equated making records with blue-collar life on an assembly line, and the title track, an attack on the very MTV video culture the band seemed to be enjoying so much during the earlier part of the decade. During the Think Visual sessions Mick Avory patched up his friendship with Dave Davies and played on Dave's composition "Rock 'N' Roll Cities". Avory was asked to rejoin The Kinks but declined, desiring a break from the non-stop schedule of recording, touring and performing. The Kinks followed Think Visual in 1987 with another live album, titled The Road, which was a mediocre commercial and critical performer. In 1989, The Kinks released UK Jive - an out and out commercial failure. MCA Records ultimately dropped them, leaving The Kinks scrambling to find a label deal for the first time in over a quarter of a century. Longtime keyboardist Ian Gibbons left the group during this period, disappointed with the band's sudden lack of success, and was replaced by Mark Haley.

In 1990, their first year of eligibility, The Kinks were inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame alongside The Who, Simon and Garfunkel, The Four Seasons, The Four Tops, Hank Ballard and The Platters. Mick Avory and Pete Quaife were on hand for the award. When receiving the award Ray Davies looked out at the audience and said, "Seeing everybody makes me realise rock 'n' roll has become respectable. What a bummer." The prestigious induction, however, did not bring back The Kinks' stagnated career. In 1991, a compilation from the MCA Records period, Lost & Found (1986-1989) was released to fulfill contractual obligations and their MCA period officially ended. The band signed with Columbia Records and released the 5-song EP Did Ya, which, despite a new studio re-recording of the band's 1968 British hit "Days," failed to chart.

The Kinks' first album for Columbia, Phobia (1993), was released and recorded by the band as a four piece. Following the departure of Mark Haley after the bands sell out performance at the Royal Albert Hall, London, Gibbons rejoined for a US tour and again became part of the band. The record was critically well received, but yet again a commercial failure, only managing one week in the US Billboard chart at No. 166. As usual, no impression was made on the group's home country chart in the UK. The album contained a disproportionate contribution from Dave Davies and an at times overzealous heavy rock sound. But Phobia had moments of interest, including the call and response duet "Hatred," in which the Davies brothers sent up their fractious reputation as brawling brethren. One single, "Only a Dream" narrowly failed to reach the UK chart, climbing to No. 79. "Scattered", the album's final candidate for release as a single, was announced and TV and radio promotion followed, but the record could not be found in the shops. Several months later a small number appeared on the collector market.

Following this failure, the group was dropped by Columbia in 1994. In 1994 the band released the first version of the album To The Bone on their own Konk label in the UK, a live album recorded partly on the highly successful UK tours of 1993 and 1994, and in the Konk studio before a small invited audience. Two years later the band released a new improved double CD live set in the USA, still called To The Bone, which now consisted of two new studio tracks ("Animal" and "To The Bone") paired with effective new treatments of many old Kinks hits. The record drew respectable press but failed to chart in either the US or the UK. After the Hall of Fame induction, The Kinks decided to make some moves in the "unplugged" direction and softened their live performances, giving sensitive treatment to little-played songs from their early career such as the aforementioned "Days" and "I'm Not Like Everybody Else" from 1966.

In 1995, Dave Davies co-composed the soundtrack to horror filmmaker John Carpenter's remake of the 1960 alien invasion classic Village of the Damned.

The band's name and profile rose considerably in the mid 1990s, mainly due to the British rock boom called "Britpop" by the UK press. Several of the most prominent bands of the decade, including Blur, Pulp, Suede and Oasis, acknowledged The Kinks as a major influence on their careers and proclaimed themselves as among The Kinks' most admiring students. Blur frontman Damon Albarn and Oasis' chief songwriter Noel Gallagher especially stressed that The Kinks were one of the bands that made the biggest impact on their songwriting as well as their development as artists and musicians. Sadly, all these accolades made little difference to the commercial viability of the group. Rumours of a final break-up began to unfold.

Ray Davies took to his familiar role as a touchstone for yet another generation of British rockers, and acted as Britpop's "godfather" in a manner reminiscent of his relationship to The Jam and The Pretenders in the late-1970s. His intricate autobiographical novel X-Ray was published in early 1995, while the Britpop hysteria was at its peak in the UK. Not to be outdone, brother Dave Davies responded with his memoir Kink, published in the spring of 1996.

(1997-present) Disintegration and solo work

The Kinks performed the last time in mid-1996. Band members are tight their own solo projects with Ray and Dave releasing acclaimed studio albums. Talk of a Kinks reunion has circulated (including an aborted studio reunion of the original band members in 1999), but both Ray and Dave Davies have shown little interest in playing together again. One of Ray's projects has included a choral work commissioned by the Norfolk and Norwich Festival, performed but never recorded.

Despite all the post-break-up activity (or lack of thereof), the old ties could still bind. In 1998, Ray Davies released the solo album Storyteller (a companion piece to his autobiographical novel X-Ray) which celebrated his old band and his estranged brother. Before becoming an album, Storyteller began life as a cabaret style show in 1996. Seeing the programming possibilities inherent in Ray Davies' music/dialogue/reminiscence format, the American music television network VH-1 launched a series of similar projects featuring established rock artists, titling their show "VH-1 Storytellers".

In the autumn of 2005, The Kinks were inducted into the "UK Music Hall of Fame", where all of the original band members were present again [1] (indeed, they are now the only major British Invasion band whose original members are all still alive). The award was given by long-time Kinks fan and friend of Ray, The Who's guitarist and songwriter Pete Townshend, who expressed his wishes to see The Kinks reunited in 2006.

Reunion

In January 2006 Ray Davies said for an interview for Rolling Stone that he had recently met with former bandmates, including Dave. Since the meeting, Ray is considering reforming the band for a reunion record. He said of the meeting: "I met them all again last week and we had dinner. I hadn't seen them all in ten years. And I realized there was a chemistry there. At the end of the day, bands can have fights, argue all the time, battle through mishaps, brawls and lawsuits, and still come out with a string of great albums.

In October 2006 Ray Davies said that he was confident the two would work together again. He told BBC 6 Music: "I'm trying to track down my brother, see how he's doing. Maybe he could guest on a few tracks (Ray is recording his second solo album). But we'll see," as well as "I spoke to him before I went on my last tour in America, and he's really on the mend. He's playing again, so it's a good sign."

Solo work

Main articles: Ray Davies, Dave Davies, and Mick Avory

• Ray Davies was awarded the rank of Commander of the British Empire, or CBE (the rank below Knighthood), by Queen Elizabeth II in 2004, for "services to music." On January 4 of that year, Ray Davies was shot in the leg while pursuing a thief who had snatched the purse of his companion in the French Quarter of New Orleans. This experience influenced the writing of his first official solo album (which he had begun to work on in the late 1990s). Titled Other People's Lives, the album was released in early 2006 to critical acclaim. Populated by Kinky character studies, though somewhat more musically eclectic than the band's late period albums, Other People's Lives suggested that Davies' musical instincts were slightly more wide-ranging when released from his brother's heavier-rock lead guitar histrionics. Despite widespread praise, many critics noted the absence of the old Davies-Davies-Avory ragged glory on some of the more full-out rock compositions. Amazingly, 'Other People's Lives' gave Ray Davies his first top 40 album chart success in the UK for almost 40 years. As of 2007, Ray is working on his second full solo album with a working title Songs from the Big Weird.

• While a member of the band Dave Davies released three solo releases: his self-titled Dave Davies in 1980 and the less successful in 1981 and Chosen People in 1983. After The Kinks' demise, he toured and released solo albums, such as - Purusha and the Spiritual Planet (1998), Fortis Green (1999), and Fragile (2001). In 2003 Dave Davies released the critically acclaimed concept album Bug, based in Davies' belief that he was contacted telepathically by space aliens in the 1970s (the incident is also the subject of "True Story", a track from Chosen People). On June 30, 2004 Davies suffered a stroke in an elevator at the London offices of the BBC, where he had been promoting Bug. Davies was hospitalised and released shortly afterward, though he is still recovering as of early 2007. Davies released a new studio album, Fractured Mindz, in January of 2007.

• Since leaving The Kinks in 1984, Mick Avory has engaged in little session work or touring. However, he remains a manager of the Konk Studios and keeps in touch with the Davies brothers. Avory, along with former Kinks' supporting players John Dalton and John Gosling, perform in Europe as The Kast Off Kinks (with non-Kink singer/guitarist Dave Clarke). They are occasionally joined by Ray Davies' first wife Rasa (who replicates the back-up vocals she contributed on Kinks tracks of the mid-to-late 1960s) as well as Pete Quaife. In 2004 Avory joined a "supergroup" of 1960s British pop veterans called The Class of '64 (the name refers to the year of the British Invasion music breakthrough). Besides Avory, the line-up consists of Chip Hawkes from The Tremeloes, Eric Haydock from The Hollies, and features guitarists "Telecaster" Ted Tomlin and Graham Pollock. The band tours internationally and has recorded both an album of hits from the primary band members' pasts and an original single. In 2007 the band had a change of frontman from Chip Hawkes to Martin Lyon of Love Affair and is currently touring under the new name of THE LEGENDS OF THE SIXTIES.

Personnel

(Feb 1964-June 1966, Nov 1966-1969)	Ray Davies - lead vocals, rhythm guitar, harmonica, keyboards, lead songwriting Dave Davies - harmony vocals, lead guitar, occasional lead vocals and songwriting Mick Avory - drums and percussion Pete Quaife - bass guitar, back-up vocals
(June-Nov 1966, 1969-1970)	Ray Davies - lead vocals, guitar, harmonica, keyboards, lead songwriting Dave Davies - harmony vocals, lead guitar, occasional lead vocals and songwriting Mick Avory - drums and percussion John Dalton - bass guitar, back-up vocals
(1970-1976)	Ray Davies - lead vocals, guitar, harmonica, lead songwriting Dave Davies - harmony vocals, lead guitar, banjo, occasional lead vocals and songwriting Mick Avory - drums and percussion John Dalton - bass guitar, back-up vocals John Gosling - keyboards
(1976-1978)	Ray Davies - lead vocals, guitar, lead songwriting Dave Davies - harmony vocals, lead guitar, occasional lead vocals and songwriting Mick Avory - drums and percussion Andy Pyle - bass guitar John Gosling - keyboards
(1978)	Ray Davies - lead vocals, guitar, lead songwriting Dave Davies - harmony vocals, lead guitar, occasional lead vocals and songwriting Mick Avory - drums and percussion John Dalton - bass guitar, back-up vocals Gordon Edwards - keyboards
(1978-1979)	Ray Davies - lead vocals, guitar, lead songwriting Dave Davies - harmony vocals, lead guitar, occasional lead vocals and songwriting Mick Avory - drums and percussion Jim Rodford - bass guitar and back-up vocals
(1979-1984)	Ray Davies - lead vocals, guitar, lead songwriting Dave Davies - harmony vocals, lead guitar, occasional lead vocals and songwriting Mick Avory - drums and percussion Jim Rodford - bass guitar and back-up vocals Ian Gibbons - keyboards and back-up vocals
(1984-1989)	Ray Davies - lead vocals, guitar, lead songwriting Dave Davies - harmony vocals, lead guitar, occasional lead vocals and songwriting Bob Henrit - drums and percussion Jim Rodford - bass guitar and back-up vocals Ian Gibbons - keyboards and back-up vocals
(1989-1993)	Ray Davies - lead vocals, guitar, lead songwriting, keyboards Dave Davies - harmony vocals, lead guitar, occasional lead vocals and songwriting Jim Rodford - bass guitar and back-up vocals Bob Henrit - drums and percussion Mark Haley[2] - keyboards and back up vocals
(1993-1996)	Ray Davies - lead vocals, guitar, lead songwriting Dave Davies - harmony vocals, lead guitar, occasional lead vocals and songwriting Jim Rodford - bass guitar and back-up vocals Ian Gibbons - keyboards and back-up vocals Bob Henrit - drums and percussion
(1996-present)	BAND BREAK-UP

Studio discography

Main article: The Kinks discography

• The Kinks (1964)
• Kinda Kinks (1965)
• The Kink Kontroversy (1965)
• Face to Face (1966)
• Something Else by The Kinks (1967)
• The Kinks Are the Village Green Preservation Society (1968)
• Arthur (Or the Decline and Fall of the British Empire) (1969)
• Lola versus Powerman and the Moneygoround, Part One (1970)
• Muswell Hillbillies (1971)
• Everybody's in Show-Biz (1972)
• The Great Lost Kinks Album (1973)
• Preservation: Act 1 (1973)
• Preservation: Act 2 (1974)
• Soap Opera (1975)
• Schoolboys in Disgrace (1976)
• Sleepwalker (1977)
• Misfits (1978)
• Low Budget (1979)
• One For The Road (1980)
• Give the People What They Want (1981)
• State of Confusion (1983)
• Word of Mouth (1984)
• Think Visual (1986)
• UK Jive (1989)
• Phobia (1993)
• To The Bone (1996)

Cultural references

• Def Leppard did a cover of "Waterloo Sunset" on their 2006 cover album, Yeah!
• The Hanson Brothers covered "Victoria" (released on Mr. Right & Mr. Wrong CD) reworking the lyrics to sing the praises, or more accurately the lack thereof, of their hometown Victoria, British Columbia.
• Little Angels covered "Tired of Waiting for You" on their 1993 album, Jam.
• In The Simpsons, Marge listens to "You Really Got Me"" played on a frying pan radio. The episode is "The Canine Mutiny".
• In an episode of the animated Fox programme Futurama, "Amazon Women in the Mood", space captain Zapp Brannigan sings (or rather speaks) a karaokee rendition of "Lola" in a space restaurant, but with the lyrics altered from "Lola" to "Leela" (i.e. instead of "L-O-L-A Lola" as in the original version, Brannigan sings "L-E-E-L-A Leela"). His singing is so horrific that all other restaurant attendees flee in escape pods.
• The electro-band Robots in Disguise have covered "You Really Got Me" on their album Get RID!.
• Several of The Kinks songs also feature in the cult Channel 4 comedy Green Wing. "You Really Got Me was sung by Caroline in an effort to win over Mac, a massive Kinks fan, and "Tired of Waiting for You" was played at the beginning and end of series 2, episode 8.
• Green Day covered "Tired Of Waiting For You". This tune is found on the Shenanigans compilation and the Private Parts soundtrack.
• Toots Hibbert recorded a 1998 ska version of "You Really Got Me".
• The all-female British post-punk band The Raincoats recorded a cover of the "Lola" for their 1979 debut album The Raincoats.
• Ray Davies produced the last album by The Turtles called Turtle Soap in 1969.
• David Bowie recorded a version of "Where Have All the Good Times Gone", which was included on the Pin-Ups album. He also recorded "Waterloo Sunset" on the Japanese version of his Reality album, available as an import.
• The song "Big Sky" is covered by Yo La Tengo on their 1986 debut album Ride The Tiger, by the band Flop on their debut album Flop & The Fall Of The Mopsqueezer! in 1992, and by The Aquabats.
• The band Boss Hog covered "I'm Not Like Everybody Else" in 1996 for the film soundtrack of Suburbia on DGC Records.
• A Kinks tribute compilation entitled Give The People What They Want was released in 2001 on Sub Pop records. It includes such bands as Mudhoney, The Fastbacks, The Makers, Young Fresh Fellows, Mark Lanegan (of Screaming Trees fame) and The Fallouts.
• The song "Everybody's Gonna Be Happy" was covered by Queens of the Stone Age on their Songs for the Deaf album.
• The song "I'm Not Like Everybody Else" was used in a commercial for an IBM ad.
• The song "Till the End of the Day" was covered by the Japanese cult band Shonen Knife on the 1996 album The Birds And The B-Sides.
• Richard Cheese and Lounge Against the Machine covered "Come Dancing" at one of their live shows.
• The Fall covered "Victoria" in 1988.
• Weird Al Yankovic performs a parody of "Lola" called "Yoda" on his Dare to Be Stupid album.
• The Black Keys covered "Act Nice and Gentle" on their record Rubber Factory.
• The Kinks performing their song "Picture Book" was featured in an HP ad.
• The theme tune to Jam and Jerusalem (UK TV Comedy) is a version of The Kinks' "The Village Green Preservation Society" sung by Kate Rusby.
• The song "I'm Not Like Everybody Else" was covered by The Vulcan Dub Squad on their 2003 release This Nation's Saving Face.
• In Battlefield Vietnam, two tracks on the players radio are live versions of "All Day and All of the Night" and "You Really Got Me", from the One For The Road live album.
• Weddings Parties Anything covered "Misfits".
• Fountains of Wayne covered "Better Things" on The Manchurian Candidate soundtrack.
• Radio 1 DJ Chris Moyles sang "You Really Got Me" on the celebrity version of the ITV show X-Factor in 2006.
• The song "Strangers" was covered by Piebald on their 2007 release Accidental Gentleman.
• The songs "Village Green" and "Village Green Preservation Society" both appeared in the 2007 English comedy movie Hot Fuzz.
• Jimmy Buffett covered "Sunny Afternoon" on his 1994 album, Fruitcakes.
• The Format covered "Apeman" and released it as a single in 2006.
• Oingo Boingo covered "You Really Got Me" on its 1990 album, Only A Lad.

References and notes

1. The Kinks Biography on RollingStone.com. Retrieved on 2006-08-21.
2. [http://www.drummerworld.com/drummers/Mick_Avory.html Mick Avory Biography on DrummerWorld.com]. Retrieved on 2006-08-24.
3. 2001's Interview with Mick Avory
4. Michael E. Ross. "1964: Brits invade U.S. — no one can escape!", MSNBC, 2004-02-09. Retrieved on 2006-08-22. 
5. Mick Avory Interview on RetroSellers.com. Retrieved on 2006-09-01.
6. {cite web|url=http://www.rollingstone.com/news/qa/story/9257408/ray_davies_new_lives?rnd=1139759590207&has-player=true&version=6.0.11.847 |title=Ray Davies' New Lives |author = Scaggs, Austin |publisher=Rolling Stone |date=February 10, 2006 |accessdate=2007-07-24}}

External links

• The Official Kinks Fan Club Web Site
• Dave Emlen's Unofficial Kinks Web Site
• Official Dave Davies Web Site

The Kinks
Ray Davies – Dave Davies – Mick Avory
Pete Quaife – John Gosling – John Dalton – Ian Gibbons – Jim Rodford – Bob Henrit – Andy Pyle – Gordon Edwards
Discography
Albums: The Kinks (1964) - Kinda Kinks (1965) - The Kink Kontroversy (1965) - Face to Face (1966) - Something Else by the Kinks (1967) - The Kinks Are the Village Green Preservation Society (1968) - Arthur (Or the Decline and Fall of the British Empire) (1969) - Lola versus Powerman and the Moneygoround, Part One (1970) - Muswell Hillbillies (1971) - Everybody's in Show-Biz (1972) - Preservation: Act 1 (1973) - Preservation: Act 2 (1974) - Soap Opera (1975) - Schoolboys in Disgrace (1976) - Sleepwalker (1977) - Misfits (1978) - Low Budget (1979) - Give the People What They Want (1981) - State of Confusion (1983) - Word of Mouth (1984) - Think Visual (1986) - UK Jive (1989) - Phobia (1993)
Songs: "You Really Got Me" – "Waterloo Sunset" – "Sunny Afternoon" – "Lola" – "Dedicated Follower of Fashion" – "All Day and All of the Night" – "Celluloid Heroes"
Related: British Invasion - Argent